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Destination guide · Central Europe

Moving to Liechtenstein from the U.S.

Why the one real route for an American is a permit sponsored by a Liechtenstein employer, why there is no retirement, remote-work, investor or start-up route and who the country therefore does not suit, what being in the EEA and Schengen but outside the EU means for you, the combined wealth-and-income tax and the lump-sum tax in Swiss francs, life without a U.S. tax treaty or Social Security agreement, and what health insurance, rent, buying and paperwork involve, with every figure taken from, or calculated from, an official source and dated.

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Rules and figures checked: October 8, 2026Official sources: 102
CurrencySwiss franc (CHF)Legal currency under a 1980 treaty with Switzerland; $1 = CHF 0.8332 (SNB, Oct 7, 2026), so CHF 1 = about $1.200212
EU / SchengenEEA, not EU / YesIn the European Economic Area and the Schengen area, but not an EU member; the EU Blue Card applies only in 25 EU states345
Retirement visaNoneNo retirement, remote-work, investor or first-entry self-employment route; the drawing for permits is for EEA nationals only678
Main routeA job offerFor executives, specialists and qualified workers; the employer applies, and local and EEA workers come first6
U.S. tax treatyNoneNo income tax treaty and no Social Security agreement, as of October 8, 2026910
Citizenship10 years, by voteOr 30 years as of right; either way you must give up U.S. citizenship11
What changed, 2024 to 2026

What Has Changed in Liechtenstein Since 2024

Since 2024, Liechtenstein has indexed its income tax, written the deemed return on wealth into the Tax Act, raised social-insurance contributions, and set out to reform health insurance, while the rules that decide whether an American can move there have not changed. The changes, newest first.

  • October 6, 2026: a building survey found that the existing national hospital in Vaduz can keep running, but needs at least CHF 5.9 million of work to last until 2036; in February the state had taken over as builder of the delayed new hospital1213.
  • September 25, 2026: the Government announced the 2027 health insurance premiums: the average adult premium with the standard deductible rises to CHF 438.45 a month, from CHF 427.13 (the mean premium across all deductible options rises 2.3%), and the employer’s contribution to CHF 18414.
  • June 18, 2026: the Government put a health-system reform out for consultation, with a single way of financing outpatient and inpatient care and harmonized cost-sharing; a draft is not law. As of September 25, 2026, the Government planned to put it to the Landtag in its December 2026 session; landtag.li shows whether it passed1514.
  • June 12, 2026: the most recent amendment to the Foreign Nationals Act as of October 8, 2026 took effect. None of the amendments since 2024 changed the admission rules that apply to Americans6.
  • April 10, 2026: the EU’s Entry/Exit System became fully operational at the Schengen area’s external borders and replaced passport stamps16.
  • January 1, 2026: the 4% deemed return on wealth is fixed in the Tax Act instead of being set each year17; employees pay 0.2% to the family fund, raising their share of payroll contributions to 4.9%1819; contributions for people who do not work rose to CHF 368.55 to CHF 12,285 a year20; doctors began billing under the new TARDOC fee schedule21; and the average adult premium rose to CHF 427.1322.
  • April 6, 2025: Balzers voters overturned a rise in the municipal tax surcharge to 170%; the council set 150%, and kept 150% for tax year 202523.
  • January 1, 2025: the income tax tariff and the franc deductions were indexed by 5.7%: the tax-free amount rose from CHF 15,000 to CHF 15,855, and the top national rate of 8% starts above CHF 211,400; the Government must propose a new indexation once prices have risen 3%17. Visitors’ VAT-free allowance fell to CHF 150 per person per day24.
  • January 1, 2024: the version of the Citizenship Act in force on October 8, 2026 took effect; as of that day there had been no reform since, and you must give up U.S. citizenship to naturalize11.
On this page
  1. Who Liechtenstein suits, and who it does not
  2. Permits and the means test
  3. If you are retiring
  4. Step by step, in the right order
  5. Cost of living and rents
  6. Health insurance
  7. Taxes, with no treaty
  8. Renting and buying
  9. Where to live
  10. Registration, banks, driving, pets
  11. Schengen, EES and ETIAS
  12. A 12-month timeline
  13. Questions
  14. Sources
Is Liechtenstein for you?

Who Liechtenstein Suits, and Who It Does Not

Liechtenstein suits Americans whom a Liechtenstein employer hires as an executive, specialist or qualified worker, above all staff an international firm already employs and posts to its Liechtenstein office, and the spouses and children who come with them6. It does not suit retirees, remote workers, investors, people who want to start a business on arrival, or anyone hoping to buy a home soon or to become a citizen while keeping a U.S. passport. For them there is no route, and buying property or a business stake does not change that: the law says such steps have no influence on the decision72511.

In its favor

  • A low, single tax on wealth and income: the national rate runs from 0% to 8%, and with the lowest municipal surcharge of 150% the top combined rate is 20%, by our arithmetic1726.
  • Capital gains on private assets, dividends, inheritances and gifts are exempt from the income tax, and there is no separate inheritance or gift tax17.
  • Deadlines in the law: the Migration and Passport Office should decide a residence permit within three months of a complete application6.
  • Up to three years at once for executives and specialists an international firm with an office in Liechtenstein already employs abroad, without the test for local and EEA workers6.
  • Your family can work: a spouse and children may take a job once they hold their permit6.
  • Health premiums below Switzerland’s: in 2026 the Government put the average CHF 175 a month below the Swiss average22; it is CHF 438.45 a month in 2027, and an employer pays CHF 184 a month for an adult employee14.
  • Pets from the United States need no rabies titer test, and rental deposits are capped at three months’ rent2728.

Against it

  • No route without a job: no retirement, remote-work, investor or first-entry self-employment permit; people who do not work are admitted only if they are of special interest to the country67.
  • Local and EEA workers come first: the employer must show that no suitable worker could be found on the labor market that needs no permit6.
  • The drawing for permits is for EEA nationals only, not for Americans829.
  • No U.S. tax treaty and no Social Security agreement: no treaty rules on pensions, and two contribution systems if you work910.
  • Buying a home: by our reading of the land-transfer law, an American can generally buy a home only after about ten years of authorized residence25.
  • Citizenship means giving up U.S. citizenship, after ten years and a municipal vote, or thirty years as of right1130.
  • A U.S. driver’s license must be exchanged after 12 months, on one control drive that cannot be repeated31.
Permits

Which Permit Fits You, and What It Takes in 2026

Liechtenstein is in the European Economic Area, but Americans are not covered by EEA free movement: the Foreign Nationals Act (AuG) applies to everyone who is neither an EEA nor a Swiss national6. Three points follow:

  • A permit for any work, and for any stay over three months. Work of any length needs a permit, and so does a stay without work of more than three months within six months6.
  • No EU Blue Card and no EU long-term residence. The Blue Card applies in 25 EU member states5, and the EEA Agreement does not cover EU migration law3. Neither the Blue Card directive nor the directive on long-term residents is marked as relevant to the EEA, and the Foreign Nationals Act has no such permits, so by our reading neither exists in Liechtenstein32336.
  • No drawing for Americans. Liechtenstein’s drawing for residence permits is open only to EEA nationals829.
Routes for U.S. citizens under the Foreign Nationals Act and its ordinance, as in force on October 8, 2026.
RouteMade forMain testWhat you get
Employee (residence permit, B)Executives, specialists and other qualified workers with a completed apprenticeship or long experience, hired by a Liechtenstein employer6No suitable worker found on the labor market that needs no permit; usual local pay; at least 80% of full time67As a rule for one year at a time, renewable6
Executive or specialist of an international firmPeople already employed abroad by an international firm with an office in Liechtenstein6The test for local and EEA workers does not apply6A residence permit for up to three years6
Short stay (L)Work of up to a year, at least 50% of full time6As for employees6Up to one year, extendable once by up to six months; then a six-month gap6
Cross-border commuter (G)Americans with permanent residence in Switzerland or an EEA country who go home every day6A job with a Liechtenstein employer, usual local pay, and the test for local and EEA workers6A commuter permit; you keep living outside Liechtenstein6
FamilyThe spouse or registered partner and the couple’s own unmarried children under 18, including adopted and foster children, of a B or C permit holder6Housing with room for the family; a stable job or enough means; German A1 for a spouse abroad, which may be waived if the family enters with a worker67A permit with the right to work as an employee6
StudentA confirmed place at a school or university6Language ability, means, health insurance, housing, and a departure that appears assured67A short-stay permit that does not allow work7
Person of special interest (no work)People of significant cultural, scientific or economic standing7Special interest to the country; housing; full health insurance; a guarantee from a bank based in Liechtenstein6A permit at the authorities’ discretion; no figure is published67

AuG is the Foreign Nationals Act and ZAV its admission ordinance, both on Lilex, the Government’s law database67. Routes that do not exist for Americans, as we read the law: retirement or passive income, remote work for a foreign employer, investment, a start-up or self-employment on arrival, and the EEA drawing678.

Applying from the United States

Americans do not need a visa. Liechtenstein issues no visas of its own and applies Switzerland’s visa rules29. If you want to live in Liechtenstein, you enter on the Office’s written promise of a permit (Zusicherung), and you must wait abroad for it6. Every application goes to the Migration and Passport Office (Ausländer- und Passamt); for a job, the employer files it6.

  • How long it takes. The law says the Office decides, as a rule, within two weeks on a short-stay or commuter permit and within three months on a residence or settlement permit, counted from a complete application; an incomplete one is sent back once, with 30 days to complete it6. The promise is valid for six weeks for a short stay and usually three months for a residence permit6.
  • Fees in 2026. The promise costs CHF 60, a new residence permit CHF 200 if the Office grants it or CHF 1,000 if the Government does, a short-stay permit CHF 80, a renewal CHF 60 and the settlement permit CHF 120, plus CHF 30 for biometric data and CHF 20 for the card; for a minor the promise and permit fees are halved, but not the CHF 30 and CHF 20 for biometric data and the card, and for a work permit only the employer pays34. The law does not say which cases the Government decides; we could not confirm it, so check with the Migration and Passport Office.
  • After you arrive. Register in person with your municipality within 8 days, and give your biometric data in person at the Office’s counter; the permit is issued only after that registration67.

On a fee total, by our arithmetic: CHF 60 + 200 + 30 + 20 = CHF 310 (about $372) where the Office grants the permit, or CHF 1,110 (about $1,332) where the Government does34.

Working for a Liechtenstein employer: the only real route

A work-based permit can be granted only to executives, specialists and other qualified workers with a completed apprenticeship or long professional experience6. The ordinance defines a specialist as highly qualified and indispensable to the employer, and an other qualified worker as someone with at least an apprenticeship or Matura plus further vocational training, where four years’ experience in the profile counts as equal to that training7. On top of that:

  • Local and EEA workers first. The employer must show that no suitable worker could be found on the labor market that needs no permit, which includes Liechtenstein, EEA and Swiss workers, with a certificate from the national job service67.
  • The job: in the economic interest, offered by a domestic employer, at least 80% of full time for a residence permit or 50% for a short stay; commuting across the border must not be a reasonable alternative6.
  • Pay: the usual local, occupational and sector pay, measured by the law, collective and standard contracts and market pay, including wage surveys; there is no fixed franc figure7. By our reading Liechtenstein has no statutory general minimum wage: a November 2024 interpellation in the Landtag quotes the Government naming CHF 45,000 a year as an appropriate minimum wage, a figure in a policy debate, not law35.
  • You: no criminal record, enough means, and suitable housing6.
  • Quotas: the Government may cap first work permits for people from outside the EEA, though never renewals; we found no ordinance setting a cap, but we could not confirm the Office’s practice, so check with the Migration and Passport Office6.
  • Length: a residence permit is as a rule for one year, and it is renewed if you keep to the integration agreement; apply to renew at least two weeks before it expires. Executives and specialists already employed abroad by an international firm with an office in Liechtenstein can get up to three years6.
  • Changing jobs: on a residence permit you may change employer; self-employment is open to you only once you hold a residence or settlement permit and meet the rules of the profession6.
  • The integration agreement: residence-permit holders sign one, aimed at German and civics; workers who declare in writing that they will live in Liechtenstein for three years or less are exempt6.

Commuting instead. If you already hold permanent residence in Switzerland or an EEA country and go home every day, you can get a cross-border commuter permit. A permit “in letter form” covers day- or week-based work of at most 180 days in 12 months6. For Switzerland’s own routes, see our Switzerland page.

Means check

Does Your Income Cover the Social-Assistance Level?

Whether income from work secures a living is measured against the basic-needs rates of the Social Assistance Ordinance7. In 2026 those rates are CHF 1,186 a month for one person, CHF 1,815 for two, CHF 2,206 for three and CHF 2,538 for four; reasonable rent and compulsory health premiums come on top36. The same idea runs through family reunification and the settlement permit, which ask for a stable job or enough means and, for settlement, no social assistance in the last two years6. Choose your household, enter your monthly rent and health premiums and your monthly income, and we compare them to the centime. Dollars use the SNB rate of October 7, 2026 (USD 1 = CHF 0.8332)2.

A first test only, by our arithmetic. No official all-in figure for a permit exists; the Migration and Passport Office judges each case, and meeting this level does not mean a permit will be granted. Social assistance counts rent only where it is reasonable for the place. For rent, the 2020 census average for all apartments in Vaduz was CHF 1,834 a month37; for premiums, the 2027 average for an adult is CHF 438.4514.

No retirement, remote-work, investor or start-up route

In short: if you will not work for a Liechtenstein employer, Liechtenstein has almost no way in for you.

  • People who do not work can get a permit only if they are of special interest to the country, which the ordinance describes as significant cultural, scientific or economic standing; they also need suitable housing, full health insurance, no criminal record and a guarantee from a bank based in Liechtenstein67. No income or asset figure is published, and we could not confirm any bank-guarantee amount. It is not a retirement visa.
  • No investment route. The ordinance says that buying property, renting a home, signing an employment contract, founding a business or taking a stake in one have no influence on the authorities’ discretion7.
  • No remote-work or digital-nomad permit. Any paid activity counts as work and needs a permit, and work permits need an application by a domestic employer; by our reading the Act has no category for working remotely for a foreign employer6.
  • No start-up or self-employment permit on arrival. The admission rules cover employees; self-employment opens only once you hold a residence or settlement permit. The exceptions for important public interests, such as athletes, au pairs, artists, staff of the Princely House and trainees of international firms, do not include entrepreneurs, by our reading67.
  • Low taxes are not a permit. Lump-sum taxation (see taxes) is a tax regime for people who already live there; it gives no right to live there176.

Family members

A holder of a residence or settlement permit can bring a spouse or registered partner and the couple’s own unmarried children under 18, including adopted and foster children, with housing that has room for the family and a stable job or enough means, or a Liechtenstein bank guarantee6. A spouse abroad needs German at level A1, which may be waived if the family enters together with a worker, and should reach written and spoken German within two years76. Apply within three years of the permit or the marriage. A stable job is one that has run for at least three months, is for more than a year and has not been terminated; if the family enters together, a contract for more than a year is enough67. Once they hold their permits, your spouse and children may work as employees6.

Students

Students get only a short-stay permit, which does not allow work. They need a confirmed place, language ability, means (a resident guarantor’s declaration or a Liechtenstein bank guarantee), health insurance and housing, and their departure must appear assured67.

After the first permit: settlement and citizenship

  • The settlement permit (C) may be granted after five years. It is open-ended and has no conditions attached. You need five years of uninterrupted residence permits, a passed civics test, German at level A2, a stable job or enough means, no social assistance in the last two years and no conviction in the last five; the card is checked every three years67.
  • Time abroad. In specially justified cases, after three years’ residence, the Office may let you keep your permit during a stay abroad, at most a year at a time and two years in all; apply at least two weeks before you leave. That time does not count toward settlement or citizenship611.
  • Citizenship after ten years, by vote. Ordinary naturalization needs ten years’ residence. The municipality must first promise you its citizenship, which the municipal citizens who live there decide by vote; then the Landtag must approve and the Prince grants it. No one has a right to it1130.
  • Citizenship as of right after thirty years. With 30 years’ residence, the years before age 20 counting double and the last five continuous, you can apply as of right11. The spouse of a Liechtenstein citizen needs ten years, with years of marriage counting double, and at least five years of marriage11.
  • Tests: German at level B1 and a written civics test of at least 27 multiple-choice questions, passed with two-thirds right; retakes are allowed. You also need three years of your own income at or above the social-assistance level3811.
  • You must give up U.S. citizenship. In all three procedures you declare that you renounce your existing citizenship, and on the ordinary and the thirty-year routes you must prove the release before the procedure ends11. As of October 8, 2026, the Citizenship Act had not changed since January 1, 2024; Lilex shows the version in force11.

General information, not advice. Quantum Jetset does not give legal, tax, immigration, financial or investment advice. The Migration and Passport Office decides each case, mostly at its discretion; check its pages and, if your case is not simple, speak to a Liechtenstein immigration lawyer.

Retirees

If You Are Retiring

Liechtenstein has no residence permit for people who live on a pension or savings. If that is your plan, it does not suit you, and it is better to know that before you spend money on it. What the official sources say:

  • The only route without work is the permit for people of special interest to the country, for significant cultural, scientific or economic standing, with a guarantee from a Liechtenstein bank; it is discretionary and has no published threshold67.
  • Buying a home will not help. Buying property or a business stake has no influence on the decision7, and an American can generally buy a home only after about ten years of authorized residence, by our reading of the land-transfer law25.
  • Family: a spouse of a permit holder can join them, but the law covers only spouses, registered partners and children under 18; we found no route for parents6.
  • If you do become resident before 65 without working, you pay AHV contributions as a person who does not work: from CHF 368.55 to CHF 12,285 a year in 2026, assessed on your wealth plus 30 times your annual pension income2039.
  • Health care: people at retirement age pay no fixed deductible, which the state covers, and a co-payment of 10% instead of 20%40.
  • Your U.S. income: your Social Security can be paid to you in Liechtenstein, and the United States taxes up to 85% of it41. How Liechtenstein taxes U.S. Social Security and 401(k) or IRA payouts is not settled in the law; see taxes.
  • Close by, a route that does exist: Switzerland has a separate route for retirees; see our Switzerland page. If you later hold permanent residence in Switzerland, a job across the border is possible on a commuter permit6.
Step by step

The Order of Operations, Step by Step

The sequence for an American hired by a Liechtenstein employer on a residence permit, applied for from the United States6. Adjust it for your route.

  1. Test the route: you need a job offer as an executive, specialist or qualified worker; without one, read If you are retiring first67.
  2. Get the job offer from a domestic employer, at least 80% of full time and at usual local pay; the employer proves that no suitable local or EEA worker was found67.
  3. Settle your tax plan first with a cross-border adviser: there is no U.S. treaty, and how Liechtenstein taxes your U.S. pensions is not settled in the law917.
  4. The employer files with the Migration and Passport Office and pays the fees634.
  5. Wait abroad for the promise of a permit; as a rule, the law allows three months from a complete file6.
  6. Arrange health insurance with one of the recognized insurers, to start when you arrive; you must join within three months4243.
  7. Enter on the promise, valid usually three months for a residence permit, and register in person with your municipality within 8 days6.
  8. Give your biometric data at the Office’s counter; your permit is issued after registration76.
  9. Open a bank account and expect it to be reported to the IRS4445.
  10. Clear your household goods on Swiss form 18.4446.
  11. Book the control drive before 12 months are up; it cannot be repeated31.
  12. Renew the permit at least two weeks before it expires, and plan the German A2 and civics test for settlement after five years67.
Cost of living

What Liechtenstein Costs, From Official Figures

Liechtenstein uses the Swiss franc as its legal currency, under a 1980 treaty with Switzerland, and issues no banknotes of its own1. Prices on this page are in francs, as the sources publish them. We convert to dollars at the Swiss National Bank’s rate of October 7, 2026, when USD 1 bought CHF 0.8332, so CHF 1 is about $1.2002; every dollar amount is our arithmetic at that rate, rounded half-up2.

Prices follow Switzerland’s: Liechtenstein adopts the Swiss consumer price index each month. In September 2026, prices were 1.0% higher than a year earlier, and the index stood at 101.5 (December 2025 = 100)47. The median gross wage of people working in Liechtenstein was CHF 7,401 a month in 2024, about $8,883, including a twelfth of the 13th-month salary, and 5.1% higher than in 202248.

The official rent figures are from the census of December 31, 2020, the latest official figures as of October 8, 2026. Liechtenstein has no rent index and no figures for new leases: rents are asked in the census every five years, and the results come out 20 to 24 months after the reference date49. The 2025 census has been taken, and its first results are due in December 202650. Read the table below as what households paid in 2020, not as what you will be quoted.

Average gross monthly rent by municipality and number of rooms, December 31, 2020 (census); gross rent includes service charges. Checked October 8, 2026.
MunicipalityAll apartments3 rooms4 rooms5 rooms
PlankenCHF 2,052 (about $2,463)CHF 1,855——
RuggellCHF 1,846 (about $2,216)CHF 1,652CHF 2,029CHF 2,483
VaduzCHF 1,834 (about $2,201)CHF 1,749CHF 2,115CHF 2,475
SchaanCHF 1,771 (about $2,126)CHF 1,614CHF 2,014CHF 2,261
MaurenCHF 1,734 (about $2,081)CHF 1,614CHF 1,860CHF 2,227
SchellenbergCHF 1,726 (about $2,072)CHF 1,647CHF 1,988CHF 1,789
TriesenCHF 1,722 (about $2,067)CHF 1,683CHF 1,924CHF 2,191
GamprinCHF 1,704 (about $2,045)CHF 1,586CHF 1,995CHF 2,053
BalzersCHF 1,688 (about $2,026)CHF 1,570CHF 1,901CHF 1,832
EschenCHF 1,657 (about $1,989)CHF 1,606CHF 1,869CHF 2,006
TriesenbergCHF 1,581 (about $1,898)CHF 1,494CHF 1,591CHF 1,791
LiechtensteinCHF 1,747 (about $2,097)CHF 1,652CHF 1,963CHF 2,150

Source: Office of Statistics, rents 2020, table 1.55637. For Planken only the all-apartments and three-room averages are published (fewer than 10 apartments in the other sizes). By size, apartments of 80 to under 100 m² averaged CHF 1,705 and those of 100 to under 120 m² CHF 1,924 (table 1.555); no rent per m² is published. The national average was CHF 1,650 in 2010, CHF 1,705 in 2015 and CHF 1,747 in 2020 (table 2.589); apartments built from 2016 to 2020 averaged CHF 2,182, and four-room apartments of that age CHF 2,566 (tables 2.589 and 1.558)37. Dollars are our arithmetic at the SNB rate2.

House prices: no official figures

No Liechtenstein authority publishes house, apartment or land prices: the Office of Statistics’ publication archive has no land-price series51, and the Financial Market Authority’s 2025 Financial Stability Report says a national residential property and rent price index is still being developed52. We therefore give no price per square meter for any town.

Electricity

In 2025 households paid on average 24.7 Rappen per kWh for energy, supply and network, down from 26.1 Rappen in 2024, before VAT and the 1.5 Rappen renewables levy (100 Rappen = CHF 1)53. At that average, 4,500 kWh a year comes to CHF 1,111.50, about $1,334, before VAT and the levy, by our arithmetic. The state-owned utility LKW’s energy price on its standard single tariff is 10.70 Rappen per kWh in 2026 and falls to 9.90 Rappen on January 1, 202754; for households using less than 10,000 kWh a year, the 2026 network charges are CHF 7.00 a month for the meter and CHF 3.50 a month as a base charge, plus 7.90 Rappen per kWh in summer and 9.70 in winter55. VAT on electricity is the standard 8.1%56.

Transit

The national bus operator’s annual pass for all of Liechtenstein, also valid to Feldkirch, Buchs and Sargans, costs CHF 370 (about $444), or CHF 280 reduced, for young people under 25 and people from 65; a family pass for parents and children under 25 costs CHF 740; a two-zone pass costs CHF 280 and a municipality pass CHF 180. Monthly passes cost CHF 25 to 45, single tickets CHF 3 to 5, and day passes CHF 5 to 9. The operator says the municipalities refund their residents up to half of the price of an annual pass57; we could not confirm each municipality’s rules. Prices are those for 2026.

Build your own full budget, line by line and in both currencies, in the Relocation Planner workbook.

Health insurance

Compulsory Insurance, Bought From a Recognized Insurer

Three months to join

Everyone who has their civil-law domicile in Liechtenstein or works there must be insured with a recognized health insurer40. Insurers must accept you regardless of age, health or pregnancy40. You have three months from the date the duty starts to join, and if you join in time, cover starts on that date; if you do not, the health office assigns you to an insurer. You can switch insurer with one month’s notice to the end of a month42. There were three recognized insurers in 202543. A permit for someone who does not work requires proof of insurance that covers all risks in Liechtenstein6.

What it costs in 2027

The average premium for an adult, with the statutory cost-sharing and accident cover, is CHF 438.45 a month in 2027 (about $526), up from CHF 427.13 in 2026; the mean premium across all deductible options rose 2.3%14, after 5.1% the year before, and the Government said Liechtenstein premiums were CHF 175 a month below the Swiss average22. Children up to 16 pay no premium, and young people aged 16 to 20 pay at most half the adult premium40. Employers pay half of the national average premium across all deductible options: CHF 184 a month in 2027 for an adult employee, less for part-time work14. Each insurer sets its own premiums; we could not confirm them, so ask the insurers for a quote.

What you pay beyond the premium, Health Insurance Act article 23, version in force from January 1, 2026. Checked October 8, 2026.
ItemRule
Fixed amount (deductible)CHF 500 a calendar year for adults. You may choose a higher one for a lower premium; CHF 3,500 must always be offered and is the highest40.
Co-payment20% of costs above the fixed amount40.
At retirement ageNo fixed amount, which the state pays, and a co-payment of 10%40.
Under 20No cost-sharing40.
Doctors outside the schemeIf you see a doctor who is not admitted to compulsory insurance, the insurer pays nothing unless you have bought the extended compulsory cover, which every insurer must offer40.

A yearly maximum, by our reading. The Act states no cap. Cost-sharing applies in basic cover, which takes annual costs of less than CHF 5,000; costs above that fall to a state-subsidized high-cost insurance. On that reading an adult with the standard deductible pays at most CHF 500 + 20% of CHF 4,500 = CHF 1,400 a year40. The reform under consultation would harmonize cost-sharing, so this may change15.

Health cost estimate

An Annual Range for Your Household’s Insurance

Enter who will be insured. We take the 2027 average adult premium of CHF 438.45 a month, count young people aged 16 to 20 at half of it, the most they pay, and children under 16 at nothing; we subtract the employer’s CHF 184 a month for each employee1440. Then we add the most you could pay in cost-sharing on our reading of the Act: CHF 1,400 for an adult, CHF 450 at retirement age (10% of the CHF 4,500 above the fixed amount, which the state pays), and nothing under 2040. Dollars use the SNB rate of October 7, 20262.

By our arithmetic, with the standard CHF 500 deductible. The premium is the 2027 national average for adults, announced on September 25, 2026; your quote will differ by insurer and deductible. The yearly maximum rests on our reading that cost-sharing applies only to costs under CHF 5,000. The extended cover for doctors outside the scheme, supplementary insurance and dental care are not included.

Doctors and the hospital

The number of doctors admitted to compulsory insurance is planned and capped, to ensure enough care while avoiding oversupply40. At the end of 2025 there were 580 licenses to practice a health profession, 129 of them for doctors; the Office of Statistics notes that care is closely tied to neighboring countries, so these figures do not show residents’ full access58. We found no official figure for waiting times. Since January 1, 2026, doctors bill under the new TARDOC fee schedule21.

The national hospital in Vaduz runs its emergency department around the clock, every day of the year; the out-of-hours doctor service is +423 230 30 30, on weekdays from 6 p.m. to 8 a.m. and all day on weekends and holidays59. A new hospital is delayed: in February 2026 the state took over as builder after planning defects were found, and in October 2026 a survey found that the existing 1971 building needs at least CHF 5.9 million of work to keep running until 20361312. In an emergency, call 112, or 144 for an ambulance60.

Medicare does not follow you

Medicare generally does not pay for care outside the United States, and Medicare drug plans do not cover prescriptions bought abroad61. Most Medigap plans include foreign travel emergency coverage, but it pays 80% after a $250 deductible, up to $50,000 in a lifetime, and only for emergencies that start in the first 60 days of a trip62. That is travel coverage, not coverage for living in Liechtenstein, where insurance is compulsory for every resident40.

Whether to keep paying the Part B premium ($202.90 a month in 2026) is a real decision: if you drop Part B and re-enroll later, the premium rises by 10% for each full 12-month period you could have been enrolled but were not, usually for life63. Decide with your whole plan in view.

Taxes for Americans

One Tax on Wealth and Income, No U.S. Treaty

Moving to Liechtenstein adds a second tax system; it does not remove the first while you remain a U.S. citizen. The United States taxes its citizens on worldwide income wherever they live64. As of October 8, 2026, there is no U.S.–Liechtenstein income tax treaty: the IRS’s A-to-Z list of treaties goes from Latvia to Lithuania9. There is also no totalization (Social Security) agreement: Liechtenstein is not on the Social Security Administration’s list, which includes Switzerland, Austria and Iceland10.

What that means in plain terms: there are no treaty articles on pensions or Social Security, no tie-breaker for residence and no saving clause to read. Relief from double tax rests on each country’s own rules. On the U.S. side, those are the foreign tax credit and the foreign earned income exclusion6566. On the Liechtenstein side, the Tax Act credits or exempts foreign tax only under a treaty or on reciprocity; we could not confirm whether Liechtenstein grants reciprocity to the United States17. What follows is the map; the route is a job for a cross-border tax adviser.

When you become tax resident

You are taxed on your worldwide wealth and income if you have your domicile or your habitual abode in Liechtenstein. A continuous stay of more than six months is always a habitual abode, from its first day; short breaks do not count, and a stay to study does not create one17. Employers withhold tax at source from residents’ wages, and what they withhold is credited against your final assessment17.

One tariff for wealth and income

Liechtenstein has a single wealth and income tax. Your net wealth is turned into income at a deemed return of 4%, which is added to your taxable income, and the total is taxed on one tariff. In return, the actual income from wealth already taxed this way is not taxed again17. Since January 1, 2026 the 4% is fixed in the Tax Act, and the Government reviews it every four years17. So CHF 1,000,000 of net wealth adds CHF 40,000 to your taxable income, by our arithmetic.

The national tax runs from 0% to 8% in bands, each written in the law as a rate times your taxable income minus a fixed amount. On January 1, 2025 the tariff and the franc deductions were indexed by 5.7%, and the 2026 tariff is the same as 2025’s17:

National income and wealth tax tariff for 2026, Tax Act article 19. Checked October 8, 2026.
WhoTax-free up toFirst bandTop band
Single personCHF 15,8551% from CHF 15,8568% above CHF 211,400
Single parentCHF 23,7831% from CHF 23,7848% above CHF 317,100
Married couple, taxed jointlyCHF 31,7101% from CHF 31,7118% above CHF 422,800

Between the first and the top band the rate steps up through 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 6.5% and 7%17. Single parents are those defined in the family allowances law.

On top comes a municipal surcharge: each municipal council sets it every year as a percentage of the national tax, at least 150% and at most 250%17. With the national top rate of 8%, the top combined rate is 20% at a 150% surcharge and 28% at 250%, by our arithmetic. For tax year 2025, the surcharges we confirmed were:

Municipal tax surcharge for tax year 2025, from the councils’ minutes. Checked October 8, 2026.
MunicipalitySurcharge on the national tax
Vaduz150%26
Schaan150%67
Balzers150%23
Ruggell160%68

Balzers cut its surcharge from 170% to 150% after a vote on April 6, 202523; Ruggell plans 155% for 2026 and 150% for 202768. Vaduz labels its decision by budget year; by our reading, its “2026” decision of November 4, 2025, taken with the 2026 budget as Schaan and Balzers set tax year 2025, is the rate for tax year 202526. As of October 8, 2026, the councils had not yet set the surcharges for tax year 2026, and we did not check the other seven municipalities; ask the municipality you are considering.

Wealth and income tax estimate

Estimate the National Tax and the Municipal Surcharge

Enter your taxable income for a year after deductions and your net taxable wealth, in francs. We add 4% of the wealth to the income, apply the 2026 tariff for your situation, then the surcharge of the municipality you choose, to the centime1726672368. Dollars use the SNB rate of October 7, 2026 (USD 1 = CHF 0.8332)2.

An estimate by our arithmetic, in whole francs of income and wealth, before the legal rounding of the base and before credits for tax withheld. It does not work out your deductions or which assets are exempt from wealth tax, such as household goods up to CHF 26,400 and real estate abroad, which still counts toward the rate. The surcharges shown are those set for tax year 2025; the 2026 rates were not yet set on October 8, 2026.

Wealth and income tax for a single person in 2026, by our arithmetic from the tariff, at the lowest and the highest municipal surcharge. Taxable income includes 4% of net wealth. Checked October 8, 2026.
Taxable incomeNational taxWith a 150% surchargeWith a 250% surcharge
CHF 50,000 (about $60,010)CHF 996CHF 2,490 (5.0%)CHF 3,486 (7.0%)
CHF 100,000 (about $120,019)CHF 3,256CHF 8,140 (8.1%)CHF 11,396 (11.4%)
CHF 250,000 (about $300,048)CHF 13,552CHF 33,880 (13.6%)CHF 47,432 (19.0%)
CHF 500,000 (about $600,096)CHF 33,552CHF 83,880 (16.8%)CHF 117,432 (23.5%)

Percentages are of taxable income, rounded to a tenth. Our arithmetic from Tax Act articles 19 and 7517; dollars at the SNB rate2.

What is exempt, and the main deductions

  • Exempt from the income tax: capital gains on private movable and immovable assets, dividends and gains on shares, gains on real estate abroad, and inheritances, legacies and gifts17. Gains on land in Liechtenstein pay the separate property-gains tax instead (see below).
  • Exempt from the wealth tax: household goods, personal belongings and private cars up to CHF 26,400 in 2026 (CHF 52,800 for a married couple), and real estate abroad, which still counts toward your rate17.
  • Deductions for 2026: CHF 1,600 of flat work expenses for employees; CHF 12,700 per child; insurance premiums up to CHF 3,700 (CHF 7,400 for a couple, plus CHF 2,200 for each child); pension-fund contributions up to 18% of earned income; and AHV, IV, FAK, unemployment and compulsory accident insurance contributions in full. Only 30% of AHV pensions is taxed: 70% is deducted17.
  • Pensions are taxable income, including pensions and lump sums from old-age insurance, occupational schemes and pension funds; lump sums are taxed separately at a reduced rate17.

Lump-sum taxation: taxed on what you spend

Liechtenstein can tax a newcomer on living expenses instead of wealth and income. It is open to people who are not Liechtenstein citizens, who take up residence there for the first time or after at least ten years away, who do no gainful work in Liechtenstein, and who live on the income from their wealth or on other income from abroad. You apply to the Tax Administration with detailed figures on your expenses; the law sets no deadline17.

  • The rate is 25% of your total expenses. The Tax Administration decides whether to accept the application and may fix the tax for several years if your spending is steady17.
  • No statutory minimum. Neither the Tax Act nor the Tax Ordinance sets a minimum amount of expenses1769. Any minimum applied in practice we could not confirm; check with the Tax Administration.
  • Real estate in Liechtenstein stays subject to the wealth tax17, and lump-sum taxpayers get no credit for foreign tax69.
  • AHV at the maximum: lump-sum taxpayers pay the highest contribution for people who do not work, CHF 12,285 in 2026, until age 6520.
  • It is not a permit. You still need a residence permit, and for someone who does not work the only route is the special-interest permit (see permits)6.
Lump-sum tax check

What 25% of Your Living Expenses Comes To

Enter your worldwide living expenses for a year in francs. We take 25% of them, to the centime17, and add the maximum AHV contribution of CHF 12,285 if you are under 6520. Dollars use the SNB rate of October 7, 20262.

By our arithmetic. The Tax Administration decides whether to accept lump-sum taxation and on what amount of expenses; the law sets no minimum, and we could not confirm any minimum applied in practice. Wealth tax on real estate in Liechtenstein is not included. By our reading, for a married couple each spouse under 65 pays the AHV contribution; ask AHV. We show one.

Pensions, Social Security and retirement accounts: not settled

The law does not answer these questions, and no treaty does either. Whether the rule that deducts 70% of AHV pensions, so that only 30% is taxed, also covers U.S. Social Security is not stated in the Tax Act. For a 401(k) or IRA, the Act does not say whether payouts are taxed as pension-fund income or whether the balance counts as wealth taxed at the 4% deemed return17. The Tax Administration can give a binding ruling on facts that have not yet happened, on request; ask for one before you move, through a Liechtenstein tax adviser17.

On the U.S. side, the Social Security Administration says U.S. citizens and permanent residents are subject to U.S. income tax wherever they live, on up to 85% of their benefits, and its limits on paying benefits abroad name other countries, not Liechtenstein41.

Inheritance, gift and property taxes

  • No inheritance or gift tax. Inheritances, legacies and gifts are exempt from the income tax, and the old law that taxed them was repealed when the Tax Act took effect in 2011. Gifts and inheritances of CHF 10,000 or more must be reported to the Tax Administration1769.
  • No separate annual property tax and no transfer tax that we found: real estate in Liechtenstein is taxed through the wealth tax, at its income value and at least its official tax valuation17. Buying costs a land-register fee (see buying)70.
  • Property-gains tax. A gain on selling land in Liechtenstein is taxed on the national tariff plus a fixed 200% surcharge instead of the municipal one, so at most 24% by our arithmetic. On application, the tax is deferred if you sold a home you lived in yourself for at least two years and use the proceeds within two years for a replacement home in Liechtenstein1769.

Social insurance, and no totalization agreement

Employees and employers pay contributions to old-age insurance (AHV), disability insurance (IV), the family fund (FAK) and administration. In 2026 the employee pays 4.900% of pay and the employer 7.385%, 12.285% in all, up from 4.700% and 7.375% before 2026, when the family fund was paid by employers alone1819. Unemployment insurance adds 0.5% each on pay up to CHF 126,000, at most CHF 1,260 a year in all71. The self-employed pay 12.285% of their income, at least CHF 368.55 a year, and no unemployment contribution72.

People who do not work pay from the year they turn 21 until 65, on their net wealth plus 30 times their annual pension income: from CHF 368.55 a year on less than CHF 200,000 to CHF 12,285 from CHF 3.6 million2039. In 2026 a full AHV old-age pension is CHF 1,225 to 2,450 a month73.

Because there is no totalization agreement10, no agreement decides which country covers your work. If you work in Liechtenstein you pay these contributions with no U.S. offset, and your years there and in the United States are not combined for benefits. A self-employed American may also owe U.S. self-employment tax, by our reading; ask an adviser before you start.

Payroll contributions

What Comes Off Your Pay, and What Your Employer Adds

Enter an annual gross salary, or income from self-employment, in francs. We apply the 2026 rates: 4.900% for the employee and 7.385% for the employer, plus 0.5% each for unemployment insurance up to CHF 126,000, or 12.285% for the self-employed, at least CHF 368.55187172. Dollars use the SNB rate of October 7, 20262.

By our arithmetic, each share rounded to the centime, before any legal rounding of the income base. Occupational pension contributions, accident insurance and income tax are not included. Employers also pay half of the national average health premium across all deductible options, CHF 184 a month in 2027 for an adult employee14.

What you still file in the United States

U.S. filings for citizens living abroad, tax year 2026. Sources: IRS and FinCEN, checked October 8, 2026.
WhatThe rule
Form 1040Due April 15; citizens living abroad get an automatic extension to June 15 (interest still runs from April 15)64.
Foreign Earned Income ExclusionUp to $132,900 of earned income for 2026. It does not cover pensions, Social Security or investment income6674.
Foreign Tax CreditClaim Liechtenstein tax paid on Form 1116; no credit on income you excluded65.
FBARRequired when your foreign accounts together exceed $10,000 at any time in the year; due April 15, with an automatic extension to October 157576.
Form 8938 (FATCA)For taxpayers living abroad: over $200,000 at year end or $300,000 at any time (single); $400,000 and $600,000 (joint)77.

FATCA in Liechtenstein. Account information has been exchanged automatically with the United States since 2015 under a FATCA Model 1 agreement, so expect your Liechtenstein bank to report your accounts45. For U.S. tax preparation and planning, our sister brand eTaxNexus works with Americans abroad.

Questions to take to your tax adviser
  • On which date will I become tax resident in Liechtenstein, and does my former U.S. state still treat me as resident?
  • How will Liechtenstein tax my U.S. Social Security, and my 401(k) and IRA, on payouts or as wealth, and should I ask for a binding ruling?
  • Without a treaty, will Liechtenstein give me any credit for U.S. tax, and how do I use the U.S. foreign tax credit against Liechtenstein tax?
  • What will my municipality’s surcharge be for the year I arrive?
  • If I do not work, would lump-sum taxation cost less than the ordinary tax, and what amount of expenses will the Tax Administration accept?
  • Do I owe U.S. self-employment tax as well as Liechtenstein contributions?
Renting and buying

Lease Rules, and the Ten-Year Wait to Buy

Renting: what the Civil Code says

  • Deposit. At most three months’ rent, held at a bank in a savings account or deposit in the tenant’s name28.
  • Notice. For an apartment, three months to the end of a month, in writing, from either side. A fixed-term lease ends when it expires; if both sides carry on, it becomes open-ended28.
  • Rent increases must be notified in writing at least 14 days before the notice period begins. A rent can be indexed only to the consumer price index, and stepped rents are allowed only in leases of at least three years28.
  • Hardship. A tenant can ask a court to extend a lease in cases of hardship28.
  • Service charges must be accounted for once a year, and an ordinance lists what may be charged78.
  • Registering a lease is not required; you can agree to have it noted in the land register, which binds a new owner28.
  • Rent subsidies exist only for low-income families and single parents with dependent children who have lived in Liechtenstein for at least a year79.

Short-term rentals

Anyone who lets vacation rentals (Ferienwohnungen) or rooms for money must register each guest electronically and collect a visitor tax of CHF 2.50 per person per night for vacation rentals (CHF 3.50 for hotels); children under 15 are exempt80. Accommodation carries the special VAT rate of 3.8%56. Whether a trade license is also needed we could not confirm.

Buying: the land-transfer law

Every purchase of land in Liechtenstein needs approval from the land-transfer authority25. The main ground for approval is your own housing need, and that requires your domicile in Liechtenstein. For a foreigner, a stay counts as domicile only after ten years of uninterrupted, authorized residence; EEA nationals are treated like Liechtenstein citizens, Americans are not. Vacation homes are open to resident Liechtenstein and EEA citizens who own no other, not to Americans, and a contract must be submitted within four months or it is void25.

Our reading: plan to rent for about ten years. On the text of the land-transfer law, an American can generally buy a home only after about ten years of authorized residence. The law also lets the authority weigh a “legitimate interest” in each case; how it uses that discretion we could not confirm, so ask the land-transfer authority before you rely on an earlier purchase25.

Taxes and costs when you buy

  • Land-register fee: 0.6% of the price, at least CHF 200 per transfer; registering a mortgage costs 0.2% of the mortgage amount, at least CHF 100 per lien70.
  • No transfer tax appears in the Tax Act, which lists a property-gains tax on sale profits instead; by our reading there is none17. Notary fees we could not confirm.
  • Every year, the property counts toward your taxable wealth, at its income value and at least its official tax valuation, through the 4% deemed return; there is no separate property tax17.
  • Prices: no official figures exist (see cost of living)52.
Land-register fees

What the Land Register Charges When You Buy

Enter the price and, if you will borrow, the mortgage amount, in francs. We apply the 0.6% fee on the transfer, at least CHF 200, and the 0.2% fee on the mortgage, at least CHF 100, to the centime70. Dollars use the SNB rate of October 7, 20262.

By our arithmetic, for one transfer and one mortgage lien, before the legal rounding of the base up to the next CHF 100. The ordinance also sets fees for other entries, which are not included, and notary fees we could not confirm. Remember that, by our reading of the land-transfer law, an American can generally buy a home only after about ten years of authorized residence.

Our position on property. We take no developer or property commissions. We may receive a referral fee from some professional partners. It never changes what you pay, and we tell you when it applies.

Where to live

Eleven Municipalities, Compared on Official Numbers

Liechtenstein had 41,228 permanent residents on December 31, 2025, 35.3% of them foreign nationals, in eleven municipalities; 68 were U.S. citizens8182. Since 2024, people on short-stay and some other permits count as permanent residents after 12 months, which breaks the series, so we do not compare with earlier years81. We compare the municipalities on population, how many Americans live there and the 2020 census rents. Our groupings are starting points for a scouting trip, not verdicts.

The Capital

Vaduz has 6,108 residents, 42.2% of them foreign, the highest share in the country81. The national hospital, with its round-the-clock emergency department, is there1259. Its 2020 average rent was CHF 1,834 a month, and its surcharge for tax year 2025 is the legal minimum of 150%3726.

Consider: Vaduz

Where Americans Live

Triesen has 20 of the country’s 68 U.S. citizens, more than any other municipality; Vaduz and Mauren have 8 each81. Triesen’s 2020 average rent was CHF 1,722 a month, below the national CHF 1,74737.

Consider: Triesen · Vaduz · Mauren

The Largest Municipality

Schaan is the largest municipality, with 6,294 residents81. Its 2020 average rent was CHF 1,771, and like Vaduz and Balzers it set the 150% surcharge for 20253767.

Consider: Schaan · Balzers

The Lowest 2020 Rents

Triesenberg had the lowest 2020 average rent, CHF 1,581 a month, and the lowest foreign share, 23.2%3781. MeteoSwiss publishes no climate normals for it; the figures below are for Vaduz, at 457 m83.

Consider: Triesenberg

Permanent resident population on December 31, 2025, the foreign share and U.S. citizens, with the average gross rent in the 2020 census. Checked October 8, 2026.
MunicipalityPopulationForeign shareU.S. citizensRent 2020, all3 rooms4 rooms
Schaan6,29437.8%7CHF 1,771CHF 1,614CHF 2,014
Vaduz6,10842.2%8CHF 1,834CHF 1,749CHF 2,115
Triesen5,78540.3%20CHF 1,722CHF 1,683CHF 1,924
Balzers4,83528.1%7CHF 1,688CHF 1,570CHF 1,901
Eschen4,78135.7%6CHF 1,657CHF 1,606CHF 1,869
Mauren4,66338.1%8CHF 1,734CHF 1,614CHF 1,860
Triesenberg2,74223.2%2CHF 1,581CHF 1,494CHF 1,591
Ruggell2,56828.2%5CHF 1,846CHF 1,652CHF 2,029
Gamprin1,77333.2%4CHF 1,704CHF 1,586CHF 1,995
Schellenberg1,18028.2%1CHF 1,726CHF 1,647CHF 1,988
Planken49929.1%0CHF 2,052CHF 1,855—
Liechtenstein41,22835.3%68CHF 1,747CHF 1,652CHF 1,963

Sources: Office of Statistics, population on December 31, 2025, tables 2.1.1, 2.1.2 and 2.1.5 (published September 25, 2026)81; rents 2020, table 1.55637. Rents are from the census of December 31, 2020; see cost of living.

Climate

Vaduz, at 457 m, is the only place in Liechtenstein with MeteoSwiss climate normals; we found no official normals for any other municipality, so use these as a guide to Vaduz only83. The summer of 2026 was the hottest on record in Vaduz: 43 days of 30°C (86°F) or more, against the previous record of 27 in 2003, and a June-to-August mean of 22.1°C against the 1991–2020 normal of 18.8°C84.

Climate normals 1991–2020, Vaduz (457 m): mean temperature, mean daily maximum and minimum, precipitation and sunshine. Checked October 8, 2026.
PeriodMeanDaily maximumDaily minimumPrecipitationSunshine hours
January1.4°C (35°F)5.0°C (41°F)−2.0°C (28°F)45 mm (1.8 in)72
April10.7°C (51°F)16.0°C (61°F)5.6°C (42°F)63 mm (2.5 in)156
July19.4°C (67°F)24.9°C (77°F)14.6°C (58°F)145 mm (5.7 in)197
October11.1°C (52°F)15.7°C (60°F)6.9°C (44°F)74 mm (2.9 in)114
Year10.6°C (51°F)15.2°C (59°F)6.3°C (43°F)1,039 mm (41 in)1,563

Source: MeteoSwiss climate normals for Vaduz83. The station also averages 74.6 frost days, 54.2 summer days and 9.9 days of 30°C or more a year; August is the wettest month, with 159 mm. Fahrenheit and inch conversions are our arithmetic. Compare Liechtenstein with other destinations.

Practical matters

Registration, Banking, Driving, Pets and Schools

Registering with your municipality

Within 8 days of entering, you register in person with the residents’ registration office of the municipality where you live, with your valid passport and the promise of a permit. Moves within or between municipalities are also reported within 8 days, and you deregister at least 8 days before you leave. The permit is issued only once you have registered in person6. Vaduz and Schaan describe the same procedure, and Vaduz refers residence questions to the Migration and Passport Office8586.

Your AHV number and PEID

Your social insurance number, the AHV number, is normally generated when your employer reports you, and everyone insured receives an insurance card when contributions start8788. Separately, everyone entered in the Central Person Register gets a personal identification number, the PEID, which authorities use to identify you89. Whether either serves as your tax number we could not confirm; ask the Tax Administration.

A bank account

Liechtenstein’s payment-accounts law gives consumers lawfully resident in the EEA a right to a basic account if they can show a genuine interest. The bank must open it or refuse within 10 business days, and it may refuse on anti-money-laundering or sanctions grounds. The duty binds only the largest banks: those with assets over CHF 10 billion, or over 20% of GDP and at least CHF 5 billion44. How banks treat U.S. persons in practice we could not confirm; expect your account to be reported to the IRS under FATCA45.

Driving

License exchange, explained

Swapping a U.S. License for a Liechtenstein One

  1. You need a Liechtenstein license once you have lived there for 12 months without a stay abroad of more than three months in a row; until then you may drive on your U.S. license31.
  2. You get it by passing a control drive, showing that you know the traffic rules and can drive safely31.
  3. One attempt only. The control drive cannot be repeated. If you fail, your U.S. license is no longer recognized in Liechtenstein31.
  4. No exemption for any U.S. state. Only EEA and Swiss licenses are exchanged without a test31. Fees and booking are set by the road traffic office; we could not confirm them.

Pets

Liechtenstein is inside the Swiss customs area, so Swiss customs law applies there, by treaty90; by our reading, the Swiss rules for bringing in pets apply to arrivals bound for Liechtenstein. The United States is on the Swiss veterinary office’s list of countries with a low rabies risk, so no rabies antibody test is needed27. What a dog, cat or ferret needs:

  1. A microchip, implanted before the rabies vaccination91.
  2. A valid rabies vaccination, given at 12 weeks or older and at least 21 days before entry91.
  3. An official veterinary certificate from the exporting country91.
  4. An entry check, which is always required: you present the animal at the red customs exit91.
  5. A pet flying in with you can arrive at Basel, Geneva or Zurich; as air cargo, only Geneva or Zurich91. Liechtenstein has no airport. An animal you bring as part of your move can enter free of VAT under the removal-goods rules, declared on form 18.44; otherwise VAT of 8.1% is due on an animal worth more than CHF 3002492.

Before a dog travels, Swiss customs says the keeper must be recorded with the municipality before the dog is imported; by our reading that applies too, so ask your municipality before you travel24. After you arrive, take your dog to a vet within 10 days of import, the Swiss rule as Swiss customs states it, which by our reading applies through the Dog Act’s reference to Swiss animal-disease law2493; the vet registers its microchip in the dog database and issues its dog identity card (Hundeausweis); then complete the registration of any dog older than three months with your municipality, with that card and proof of liability insurance of at least CHF 1 million, and pay the municipal dog tax of CHF 20 to 100, doubled for each further dog93. Schaan charges CHF 100 for the first dog and CHF 200 for each further one94.

Shipping your household

Because Liechtenstein is in the Swiss customs area, EU rules on moving your household do not apply; the Swiss rules do, by our reading of the customs treaty90. Household goods enter free of duty and VAT if you move your residence and have used them yourself for at least six months, and keep using them92. You declare them on Swiss form 18.44 with an inventory and, as someone from outside the EU, your residence permit46. Separately, things a traveler brings for private use or as gifts are VAT-free only up to CHF 150 per person per day24.

Schools

School is compulsory for every child who lives in Liechtenstein, for nine years, and public school is free95. A child starts school after turning six by June 3096. Kindergarten lasts two years and is voluntary, but it is compulsory in the last year before school for children whose first language is not German; children can start kindergarten at four, by June 309596. We could not confirm the enrollment steps; ask your municipality or the school office.

Your U.S. services, and emergencies

  • There is no U.S. post in Liechtenstein. The U.S. Embassy in Bern offers the full range of consular services to U.S. citizens in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, and many are also available at the U.S. Consular Agencies in Zurich and Geneva; emergency passports are issued only in Bern. The emergency number is +41 31 357 70 1197.
  • In an emergency, call 112, or 117 for the police, 118 for the fire department and 144 for an ambulance60.
Entry rules

Before the Permit: Visiting Under Schengen, EES and ETIAS

Liechtenstein is not an EU member, but it is one of four non-EU countries in the Schengen area of 29 countries4, and one of three EFTA states in the European Economic Area3. U.S. citizens do not need a visa: the EU’s visa regulation lets them stay for no more than 90 days in any 180-day period98. Liechtenstein issues no visas of its own and follows Switzerland’s visa rules29. A stay without work of more than three months within six months needs a permit, and any work needs one from the first day6.

Since April 10, 2026, when it became fully operational, the EU’s Entry/Exit System (EES) has replaced passport stamps, recording the entries and exits of visa-free visitors at the Schengen area’s external borders16. Liechtenstein has no airport, so you arrive through Switzerland or Austria, and you are registered when you enter the Schengen area. Once you hold a residence permit, you are not registered in the EES; you show the permit with your passport99.

As of October 8, 2026, ETIAS, the EU travel authorization for visa-free visitors, is not in operation, and its fee has been set at EUR 20100101. Under the ETIAS regulation, travelers under 18 and over 70 are exempt from the fee, and an authorization is valid for three years or until the passport expires; holders of a residence permit will not need it102. The Schengen, EES and ETIAS section of our FAQ explains the 90/180 count.

Timeline

A Realistic Twelve Months

Built backwards from the rules above, for an employee’s residence permit. The law gives the Office, as a rule, three months from a complete application; your own dates depend on the employer, the labor-market test and how quickly your documents come together.

Months 12–9

Decide and test

Check honestly whether you fit the one real route: a job as an executive, specialist or qualified worker. Talk to a cross-border tax adviser about life without a treaty, your 401(k), IRA and Social Security, and ask whether a binding ruling makes sense. Plan a scouting trip within the 90 days a Schengen visit allows.

Months 8–5

Land the job

Get a written offer. The employer runs the search for local and EEA workers with the national job service and prepares the application. Gather your diplomas and proof of your experience, and be ready to show that you have no criminal record.

Months 4–2

File and wait abroad

The employer files with the Migration and Passport Office; as a rule, the law allows three months from a complete file. Meanwhile, compare the recognized health insurers, look for an apartment, and get your pet’s microchip, rabies vaccination and certificate in order.

Month 1–0

Prepare to travel

Once the promise of a permit arrives, book the flight to Zurich and the movers, and prepare Swiss form 18.44 for goods you have used for at least six months.

Week 1 after

Register

Register in person with your municipality within 8 days of entry, and give your biometric data at the Office’s counter. Make sure health insurance starts on time: you have three months to join. If you bring a dog, ask your municipality before you travel to record you as its keeper; then, within 10 days of import, a vet registers its microchip and issues its dog identity card (the Swiss rule, which by our reading applies), and you complete its registration with your municipality.

By month 12

Settle in

Open an account, and book the control drive before your 12 months on a U.S. license run out. Put the U.S. return (June 15 for Americans abroad), the FBAR, your Liechtenstein return and the permit renewal on the calendar.

Questions

What Americans Ask Us About Liechtenstein

Does Liechtenstein have a retirement visa?

No. People who do not work can get a permit only if they are of special interest to the country, for significant cultural, scientific or economic standing, with a guarantee from a Liechtenstein bank; it is discretionary and no figure is published67. Buying property or a business stake has no influence on the decision7.

Can I work remotely for my U.S. employer from Liechtenstein?

By our reading, no. Any paid activity counts as work and needs a permit, work permits need an application by a domestic employer, and the Foreign Nationals Act has no category for remote work for a foreign employer6.

Can I enter the Liechtenstein permit drawing?

No. The drawing is open only to EEA nationals829. Americans need an employer-sponsored permit, unless they are of special interest to the country6.

How long is a first work permit?

A residence permit is as a rule for one year and is renewed if you keep to the integration agreement. Executives and specialists already employed abroad by an international firm with an office in Liechtenstein can get up to three years, without the test for local and EEA workers6.

Is Liechtenstein in the EU? Can I get an EU Blue Card there?

Liechtenstein is not an EU member. It is in the European Economic Area and the Schengen area34. The Blue Card applies in 25 EU member states5, and by our reading there is no Blue Card and no EU long-term residence in Liechtenstein; Americans use the national permit for executives, specialists and qualified workers6.

How much tax would I pay?

Net wealth is turned into income at a deemed 4% return and taxed together with your income on one tariff of 0% to 8%, plus a municipal surcharge of 150% to 250% of that tax. With the 150% that Vaduz, Schaan and Balzers set for tax year 2025, a single person with CHF 100,000 of taxable income pays CHF 8,140, by our arithmetic1726. Capital gains on private assets, dividends, inheritances and gifts are exempt17.

Will Liechtenstein tax my Social Security or 401(k)?

The law does not settle it. Pensions are taxable income, and 70% of an AHV pension is deducted, so only 30% is taxed, but the law does not say whether that rule covers U.S. Social Security, or whether a 401(k) or IRA is taxed on its payouts or as wealth at the 4% deemed return. There is no U.S. treaty to decide it. Ask the Tax Administration for a binding ruling before you move179.

Is there a U.S.–Liechtenstein Social Security agreement?

No. Liechtenstein is not on the Social Security Administration’s list of agreement countries10. If you work in Liechtenstein you pay its contributions, 4.9% of pay for an employee in 2026 plus 0.5% for unemployment insurance, and your periods there and in the United States are not combined1871.

Can an American buy a home in Liechtenstein?

Every purchase needs approval from the land-transfer authority. Buying for your own housing needs requires domicile in Liechtenstein, and for a foreigner from outside the EEA a stay counts as domicile only after ten years of uninterrupted authorized residence, so by our reading an American can generally buy a home only after about ten years25.

How long until I can become a citizen?

Ten years’ residence on the ordinary route, which needs a vote of the municipal citizens, the Landtag’s approval and the Prince’s grant, or thirty years as of right; German B1 and a civics test. On every route you must give up U.S. citizenship113038.

Do I need Liechtenstein health insurance if I have Medicare?

Yes. Everyone who lives or works in Liechtenstein must join a recognized insurer within three months4042, and Medicare usually does not cover care outside the United States61.

Can I drive on my U.S. license?

For 12 months after you move. Then you need a Liechtenstein license, which you get by passing one control drive; it cannot be repeated, and if you fail, your U.S. license is no longer recognized there. Only EEA and Swiss licenses are exchanged without a test31.

Sources

Every Figure on This Page, and Where It Comes From

We use official sources only: Liechtenstein law on Lilex, the Government’s law database; the Government’s press releases; the Landtag; the Office of Statistics; the state social-insurance institution AHV-IV-FAK; the municipalities of Vaduz, Schaan, Balzers and Ruggell; the Embassy of Liechtenstein in Washington; the national hospital, the national police, the bus operator and the state-owned utility; the Financial Market Authority; the Swiss federal offices whose rules apply in Liechtenstein by treaty (customs, veterinary, MeteoSwiss) and the Swiss National Bank; the EU; and U.S. federal agencies and the U.S. Embassy in Bern. For the Migration and Passport Office and the Tax Administration, we cite the laws those offices apply. German-language titles are given in English. Some figures are our own arithmetic from official data, and we say so where they appear. Each source was read on the date shown. If you spot something that has changed, email [email protected].

  1. Currency Treaty between Liechtenstein and Switzerland (LGBl. 1981 Nr. 52): the Swiss franc as legal currency. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  2. Exchange rates: USD 1 = CHF 0.8332 on October 7, 2026 (daily rate at 11:00; RSS feed of the latest rates). Swiss National Bank (SNB). Official page. Checked .
  3. Summary: Agreement on the European Economic Area (policy areas not covered). EUR-Lex. Official page. Checked .
  4. The Schengen area (29 countries, including Liechtenstein). European Commission, Migration and Home Affairs. Official page. Checked .
  5. EU Blue Card (applies in 25 EU Member States). European Commission, Migration and Home Affairs. Official page. Checked .
  6. Foreign Nationals Act (Ausländergesetz, AuG), LGBl. 2008 Nr. 311, version in force from June 12, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  7. Ordinance on the Admission and Residence of Foreign Nationals (ZAV), LGBl. 2008 Nr. 350, version in force from June 12, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  8. Free Movement of Persons Ordinance (PFZV), article 23: the drawing is open only to EEA nationals. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  9. United States income tax treaties, A to Z (page updated January 3, 2026). Internal Revenue Service. Official page. Checked .
  10. U.S. international social security agreements (the list of countries). Social Security Administration. Official page. Checked .
  11. Citizenship Act (Bürgerrechtsgesetz, BüG), version in force from January 1, 2024. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  12. Building survey of the existing national hospital (October 6, 2026). Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, press release. Official page. Checked .
  13. The state takes over as builder of the new national hospital (February 25, 2026). Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, press release. Official page. Checked .
  14. Health insurance premiums 2027 (September 25, 2026). Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, press release. Official page. Checked .
  15. Health-system reform put out for consultation (June 18, 2026). Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, press release. Official page. Checked .
  16. Entry/Exit System (EES). European Commission, Migration and Home Affairs. Official page. Checked .
  17. Tax Act (Steuergesetz, SteG), LGBl. 2010 Nr. 340, version in force from July 1, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  18. Contribution rates AHV, IV, FAK and administration, valid from January 1, 2026. Liechtenstein AHV-IV-FAK, the state old-age, disability and family insurance. Official page. Checked .
  19. Contribution rates AHV, IV, FAK and administration, valid from January 1, 2024. Liechtenstein AHV-IV-FAK, the state old-age, disability and family insurance. Official page. Checked .
  20. Contributions of people who do not work. Liechtenstein AHV-IV-FAK, the state old-age, disability and family insurance. Official page. Checked .
  21. TARDOC replaces TARMED from January 1, 2026; colon-cancer screening (December 4, 2025). Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, press release. Official page. Checked .
  22. Health insurance premiums 2026 (September 30, 2025). Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, press release. Official page. Checked .
  23. Municipal council of Balzers, minutes 45/2025: surcharge cut from 170% to 150%. Municipality of Balzers. Official page. Checked .
  24. Bringing a dog or cat into Switzerland (the keeper recorded with the municipality first, the vet within 10 days of import, entry airports, VAT; the CHF 150 allowance). Swiss Federal Office for Customs and Border Security (BAZG). Official page. Checked .
  25. Land Transfer Act (Grundverkehrsgesetz, GVG), version in force from January 1, 2019. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  26. Municipal council of Vaduz, minutes of November 4, 2025: surcharge of 150% with the 2026 budget. Municipality of Vaduz. Official page. Checked .
  27. Countries by rabies status. Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (BLV). Official page. Checked .
  28. General Civil Code (ABGB), section 1090: tenancy law, version in force from April 1, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  29. Visa information (no Liechtenstein visas; Swiss visa rules; the drawing open only to EEA citizens). Embassy of the Principality of Liechtenstein in Washington. Official page. Checked .
  30. Municipalities Act (GemG), article 21: the vote of the municipal citizens on admission. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  31. Road Traffic Admission Ordinance (VZV), articles 39 and 41, version in force from July 1, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  32. Directive (EU) 2021/1883 on highly qualified employment (the EU Blue Card); not marked as text with EEA relevance. EUR-Lex. Official page. Checked .
  33. Directive 2003/109/EC on long-term resident third-country nationals; not marked as text with EEA relevance. EUR-Lex. Official page. Checked .
  34. Foreign Nationals Fees Ordinance (Ausl-GebV), LGBl. 2011 Nr. 440, version in force from January 1, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  35. Interpellation on pay fairness, follow-up (November 2024), quoting the Government on a statutory minimum wage. Landtag of the Principality of Liechtenstein. Official page. Checked .
  36. Social Assistance Ordinance (SHV), articles 20 to 20c: basic-needs rates, version in force from January 1, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  37. Rents 2020: tables 1.555, 1.556, 1.558 and 2.589 (published December 15, 2022). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  38. Citizenship Proof Ordinance (BüNV): the German B1 requirement and the civics test. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  39. Contribution table for people who do not work, 2026. Liechtenstein AHV-IV-FAK, the state old-age, disability and family insurance. Official page. Checked .
  40. Health Insurance Act (KVG), version in force from January 1, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  41. Your payments while you are outside the United States (publication EN-05-10137, April 2026). Social Security Administration. Official page. Checked .
  42. Health Insurance Ordinance (KVV), articles 35 to 35b. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  43. Health insurers 2025: tables (insurers, premiums per paying adult). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  44. Payment Accounts Act (ZKG), articles 2, 21 and 22: the basic account, version in force from November 1, 2024. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  45. International cooperation in tax matters (FATCA Model 1 since 2015). Embassy of the Principality of Liechtenstein in Washington. Official page. Checked .
  46. Form 18.44: application and customs declaration for household effects. Swiss Federal Office for Customs and Border Security (BAZG). Official page. Checked .
  47. Consumer price index in September 2026 (news, October 1, 2026). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  48. Wages (median gross monthly wage 2024, published April 17, 2026). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  49. Rents (asked in the census; results 20 to 24 months after the reference date). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  50. Census 2025 (first results due in December 2026). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  51. Publication archive, searched for land prices (Bodenpreis): the search, run October 8, 2026, found no land-price series; the link opens the full archive. Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  52. Financial Stability Report 2025 (residential property and rent index under development). Financial Market Authority Liechtenstein (FMA). Official page. Checked .
  53. Energy prices (household electricity price 2025, published July 1, 2026). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  54. Electricity tariffs (prices from January 1, 2026 and from January 1, 2027). Liechtensteinische Kraftwerke (LKW), the state-owned utility. Official page. Checked .
  55. Network prices 2026, all customer groups. Liechtensteinische Kraftwerke (LKW), the state-owned utility. Official page. Checked .
  56. VAT Act (MWSTG), article 25: rates, version in force from January 1, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  57. Passes and tickets (2026 prices). LIECHTENSTEINmobil, the public bus operator. Official page. Checked .
  58. Health care provision (licenses to practice at December 31, 2025). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  59. Emergency department and out-of-hours doctor service. Liechtenstein National Hospital (Landesspital). Official page. Checked .
  60. Emergency numbers. Liechtenstein National Police (Landespolizei). Official page. Checked .
  61. Travel outside the U.S. Medicare.gov. Official page. Checked .
  62. Medicare coverage outside the United States (Product 11037, April 2026). Medicare.gov. Official page. Checked .
  63. Avoid late enrollment penalties. Medicare.gov. Official page. Checked .
  64. U.S. citizens and resident aliens abroad. Internal Revenue Service. Official page. Checked .
  65. Foreign tax credit. Internal Revenue Service. Official page. Checked .
  66. Figuring the foreign earned income exclusion. Internal Revenue Service. Official page. Checked .
  67. Municipal council of Schaan, minutes of November 26, 2025: surcharge of 150% for tax year 2025. Municipality of Schaan. Official page. Checked .
  68. Municipal council of Ruggell, published minutes: surcharge of 160% for tax year 2025, with the planned path to 150%. Municipality of Ruggell. Official page. Checked .
  69. Tax Ordinance (Steuerverordnung, SteV). Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  70. Land Register and Commercial Register Fees Ordinance (GbHr-GebV), annex 1, version in force from August 1, 2024. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  71. Unemployment insurance (ALV) contribution rates. Liechtenstein AHV-IV-FAK, the state old-age, disability and family insurance. Official page. Checked .
  72. Contributions of the self-employed. Liechtenstein AHV-IV-FAK, the state old-age, disability and family insurance. Official page. Checked .
  73. Pension amounts (AHV old-age pension). Liechtenstein AHV-IV-FAK, the state old-age, disability and family insurance. Official page. Checked .
  74. Foreign earned income exclusion: what is foreign earned income. Internal Revenue Service. Official page. Checked .
  75. Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). FinCEN, U.S. Treasury. Official page. Checked .
  76. Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR): due dates. Internal Revenue Service. Official page. Checked .
  77. Do I need to file Form 8938? Internal Revenue Service. Official page. Checked .
  78. Ordinance on the Rent and Lease of Residential and Commercial Premises (VMWG). Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  79. Rent subsidies for families and single parents (June 8, 2025). Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein, press release. Official page. Checked .
  80. Ordinance on Guest Registration and Visitor Tax (BMTV), version in force from January 1, 2024. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  81. Population on December 31, 2025: tables 2.1.1, 2.1.2 and 2.1.5, and population definitions (published September 25, 2026). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  82. Population (permanent resident population). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  83. Climate normals Vaduz, 1991–2020 (station sheet, 457 m). Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Official page. Checked .
  84. Number of the day: 301 hours above 30 degrees, summer 2026 in Vaduz (September 30, 2026). Office of Statistics (Amt für Statistik), Statistikportal. Official page. Checked .
  85. Residents’ registration office (Einwohnerkontrolle). Municipality of Vaduz. Official page. Checked .
  86. Residents’ registration office (Einwohnerkontrolle). Municipality of Schaan. Official page. Checked .
  87. The AHV number (insured person number). Liechtenstein AHV-IV-FAK, the state old-age, disability and family insurance. Official page. Checked .
  88. The AHV insurance card. Liechtenstein AHV-IV-FAK, the state old-age, disability and family insurance. Official page. Checked .
  89. Central Person Register Act (ZPRG), article 7: the PEID. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  90. Customs Treaty with Switzerland of 1923 (LGBl. 1923 Nr. 24), article 4: Swiss customs law applies in Liechtenstein. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  91. Traveling with dogs, cats and ferrets. Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (BLV). Official page. Checked .
  92. Moving to Switzerland: procedure. Swiss Federal Office for Customs and Border Security (BAZG). Official page. Checked .
  93. Dog Act (Hundegesetz), version in force from January 1, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  94. Dog tax. Municipality of Schaan. Official page. Checked .
  95. School Act (Schulgesetz), version in force from January 1, 2026. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  96. School Organization Ordinance (SchulOV), articles 25a and 25b: cut-off dates. Lilex, the law database of the Principality of Liechtenstein (gesetze.li). Official page. Checked .
  97. Services for U.S. citizens. U.S. Embassy in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Official page. Checked .
  98. Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 listing visa-exempt countries (Annex II, United States). EUR-Lex. Official page. Checked .
  99. Entry/Exit System fully operational from 10 April 2026: who is exempt. European Commission, Migration and Home Affairs. Official page. Checked .
  100. ETIAS, the EU travel authorization for visa-free visitors. European Commission, Migration and Home Affairs. Official page. Checked .
  101. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/1411: ETIAS fee of €20. EUR-Lex. Official page. Checked .
  102. Regulation (EU) 2018/1240 establishing ETIAS. EUR-Lex. Official page. Checked .

General information, not advice. Quantum Jetset does not give legal, tax, immigration, financial or investment advice. Rules and costs change; check the official sources above and speak to a qualified professional before you act. Next scheduled review: April 2027.

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